INDONESIAN younger POPULARITY
Tuesday, March 20, 2012
Do you understand the nature and scope of international accounting?
Ok, if you don’t know or have you heard about it but never fix it before. May I shared little about it?
may be next time you need to know about this, you know what AFTA it’s coming soon to Indonesia and if you don’t know what it’s the basic for, what the silly happen to you… hahahaha Just Jokes.
may be next time you need to know about this, you know what AFTA it’s coming soon to Indonesia and if you don’t know what it’s the basic for, what the silly happen to you… hahahaha Just Jokes.
Well, International accounting is accounting for international transactions (non domestic), comparisons between countries of different accounting principles and harmonization of accounting standards in the field of tax authorities, auditing and other accounting areas. Accounting must evolve in order to provide the information required in decision-making in the company in any business environment changes.
The development of International Accounting itself is inseparable from these roles:
The development of International Accounting itself is inseparable from these roles:
1st. Sources of funding.
2nd. Legal System.
3th. Taxation.
4th. Politics and Economics Association
5th. Inflation
6th. Levels of Economic Development
7th. Level of Education, and
8th. Culture
Meanwhile, as for the scope or field of International Accounting consists of two aspects namely:
FIRST ASPECT
Discuss an overview of international accounting standards and accounting practices in different countries in the world of accounting and compare accounting standards and practices in each country are discussed.
SECOND ASPECT
International transactions to discuss the financial reporting. Translation and foreign exchange transactions, information systems, budgeting, working sistempenilaian, international taxation and audit. In this aspect also includes a discussion of management accounting to international business
So can I pull the conclusion that the International Accounting is an information system of the International Accounting standards in financial reporting for business activities that involve two or more countries as well as the application of accounting practices in various countries.
The international accounting came also has bring some reasons include issues to describe accounting issues created by international trade, well..International Accounting issues can not be separated from the trade / international transactions. Here's an example / case of international transactions, FDI (Foreign direct investment) or in the Indonesian language Foreign Direct Investment.
* For sale to foreign customers*
Most companies' international business making sales to foreign customers. Often, the sales made on credit, and agreed that foreign customers would pay in your own currency (eg, the Mexican peso). This raises the risk of foreign currency as foreign currency exchange rate is likely to change in relation to the company's own currency (eg U.S. dollars).
In such transactions, there will be a new risk that is usually called the loss / gain selish international exchange in the transaction process. To avoid this risk, it is necessary that his name Hedging. Where hedging is useful to hedge themselves against exchange rate fluctuation losses.
From the discourse above, can I conclude that FDI creates two main issues:
• The need to convert from local to U.S. GAAP from the accounting records are usually prepared using local GAAP.
• The need to translate from local currency to U.S. dollars from the accounting records are usually prepared using local currency
* For sale to foreign customers*
Most companies' international business making sales to foreign customers. Often, the sales made on credit, and agreed that foreign customers would pay in your own currency (eg, the Mexican peso). This raises the risk of foreign currency as foreign currency exchange rate is likely to change in relation to the company's own currency (eg U.S. dollars).
In such transactions, there will be a new risk that is usually called the loss / gain selish international exchange in the transaction process. To avoid this risk, it is necessary that his name Hedging. Where hedging is useful to hedge themselves against exchange rate fluctuation losses.
From the discourse above, can I conclude that FDI creates two main issues:
• The need to convert from local to U.S. GAAP from the accounting records are usually prepared using local GAAP.
• The need to translate from local currency to U.S. dollars from the accounting records are usually prepared using local currency
Explain Reasons for, and accounting issues associated with, Foreign Direct Investment
As described above can lead to FDI International Accounting issues. Foreign direct investment is closely related to international sales are a source of higher profit margins or additional income through additional sales. Unique product or the benefits technology can provide a comparative advantage that a company hoping to capitalize by developing sales / in foreign countries.
Some international markets are able to grow and develop faster than others. It is inseparable from the role of Foreign Direct Investment. This investment aims to improve the position in the market and growing fast. Final destination of FDI is increasing sales and profits.
A company can reduce costs by providing goods and services to its customers through direct foreign investment. Labor costs are significantly lower in some countries to reduce production costs. If the deficiencies or material must be removed, it can be cheaper if the place of production close to sources of supply than to import the materials. Transportation costs associated with making export sales to foreign customers may be reduced by placing the production close to customers.
Additional investment in a foreign country is sometimes a need to encourage the market to protect it from local competitors. Companies generate sales through exporting to a particular country to protect their markets. Associated with foreign direct investment, can not be denied the risk of implanting in the comfort of public investment in other countries. This is necessary for the protection of investors (shareholders). Although the protections afforded each state is different.
Public disclosure is not too advanced still there is a big difference to the information given in a large stock pemegan with the public. Various interest groups that influence disclosure and harmonization are: Government, United nation, inter-govermental working group of experts on international standards of accounting and reporting (Isar), Organization for economnic cooperation and development, Eropean comunitty (fc treaty of rome) 1957 , U.S. trade and labor itucs, ftvc, WCL, Investor, Public Accountants and auditors, harmonization and disclosure. Associated with foreign direct investment, can not be denied the risk of implanting in the comfort of public investment in other countries. This is necessary for the protection of investors (shareholders). Although the protections afforded each state is different.
Public disclosure is not too advanced still there is a big difference to the information given in a large stock pemegan with the public. Various interest groups that influence disclosure and harmonization are: Government, United nation, inter-govermental working group of experts on international standards of accounting and reporting (Isar), Organization for economnic cooperation and development, Eropean comunitty (fc treaty of rome) 1957 , U.S. trade and labor itucs, ftvc, WCL, Investor, Public Accountants and auditors, harmonization and disclosure.
Some international markets are able to grow and develop faster than others. It is inseparable from the role of Foreign Direct Investment. This investment aims to improve the position in the market and growing fast. Final destination of FDI is increasing sales and profits.
A company can reduce costs by providing goods and services to its customers through direct foreign investment. Labor costs are significantly lower in some countries to reduce production costs. If the deficiencies or material must be removed, it can be cheaper if the place of production close to sources of supply than to import the materials. Transportation costs associated with making export sales to foreign customers may be reduced by placing the production close to customers.
Additional investment in a foreign country is sometimes a need to encourage the market to protect it from local competitors. Companies generate sales through exporting to a particular country to protect their markets. Associated with foreign direct investment, can not be denied the risk of implanting in the comfort of public investment in other countries. This is necessary for the protection of investors (shareholders). Although the protections afforded each state is different.
Public disclosure is not too advanced still there is a big difference to the information given in a large stock pemegan with the public. Various interest groups that influence disclosure and harmonization are: Government, United nation, inter-govermental working group of experts on international standards of accounting and reporting (Isar), Organization for economnic cooperation and development, Eropean comunitty (fc treaty of rome) 1957 , U.S. trade and labor itucs, ftvc, WCL, Investor, Public Accountants and auditors, harmonization and disclosure. Associated with foreign direct investment, can not be denied the risk of implanting in the comfort of public investment in other countries. This is necessary for the protection of investors (shareholders). Although the protections afforded each state is different.
Public disclosure is not too advanced still there is a big difference to the information given in a large stock pemegan with the public. Various interest groups that influence disclosure and harmonization are: Government, United nation, inter-govermental working group of experts on international standards of accounting and reporting (Isar), Organization for economnic cooperation and development, Eropean comunitty (fc treaty of rome) 1957 , U.S. trade and labor itucs, ftvc, WCL, Investor, Public Accountants and auditors, harmonization and disclosure.
Includes these, we can’t deny that Indonesia have a big chance to grow up their country and make their’ I means The Investor get royal to bring their money to Indonesia not just because Indonesia was did the International accounting, but their also have positive reasons include to let it be in. I get at least 5 reasons why Indonesian have good performance to influs the their macro to stand up.
5 Reasons Investors in Infrastructure in Indonesia
In 1998, no one would ever think that Indonesia will be in a position to determine. The country has undergone rapid progress in 13 years, and the Central Bank of Indonesia has received more than U.S. $ 5 billion in foreign direct investment with 5 reasons given in Indonesia over the past two quarters, fourth quarter 2010 and first quarter of 2011. But why invest in Indonesia are at the highest level?
Edward Gustely, Senior Adviser Ministry of Finance and Investment Government of Indonesia, explained that compared to the amount of purchasing power in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia, Indonesia is still greater economy of about U.S. $ 932 billion in PPT.
"It's more interesting is in the last few years, Indonesia has increased and we are one level below the current level of investment. Now, put it into context. Brazil is on the level of investment, Turkey is on the level of investment; but Indonesia was among G20 countries, the debt to GDP ratio is only 26%. It has existed in the level of investment when you look at the G20 countries with an average debt of GDP by 80% and Brazil by 66%, "said Gustely.
While Gustely explained that this is a good results for quoted investments which will yield to Indonesia, what actually hinder this country is the lack of infrastructure investment.
"Balance of the Indonesian government can only fund about a third of the necessary infrastructure and we are discussing an investment of U.S. $ 140 billion for the next 4 years. Therefore, when you reduce the investment, the stock of private property and the investor must be balanced around U.S. $ 23 billion every year for the next 4 years, which is not including the little things, then I explain this because unless we assume this is true, all the things that may interest you and in the category of special interest to you, such as buying something, a customer, and natural resources, etc., without the infrastructure as your strength, it will be a challenge, "explains Gustely.
As in the first quarter of 2011, Indonesia managed to increase direct foreign investment of U.S. $ 2.7 billion. however, what the country needs today is additional funding of U.S. $ 20.3 million to ensure the growth of infrastructure sector in Indonesia.
Transport Infrastructure Indonesia, on October 12 to 13, bringing together governments, companies, and leading thinkers to reflect on the major challenges facing Indonesia, evaluating business opportunities and investments in the transport sector. (Ant / PRNewswire-Asia-FirstCall)
another Sources: clik!
thank you^^
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